Structural Guide

Structural loads, structural analysis and structural design are simply explained with the worked example for easiness of understanding. Element designs with notes and discussions have added to get comprehensive knowledge. Also, construction materials, shoring system design, water retaining structures, crack width calculations, etc. have discussed in addition to other aspects. 

Testing of Reinforcements

Non-prestressed reinforcement will be high strength deformed bars with a specified characteristic strength of 460 N/mm² or TMT bars with 500N/mm² and Mild steel bars should have minimum characteristic strength of 250 N/mm².

The reinforcement supplier shall be selected as per the following conditions.

According to the BS4449:2005 and SLS 375:2009, reinforcing steel that produced using steel billets with fully known metallurgical history and all reinforcing steel batches shall be identifiable and traceable to verify their chemical composition of the steel billets used for the manufacturing of reinforcement against the product analysis. The following criteria for evaluation of conformity as per BS4449:2005 and SLS 375:2009 shall be followed when a supplier is selected.

  1. The reinforcing steel batches to be delivered shall be identifiable and traceable. (i.e. the heat number and cast number shall be clearly mentioned in the tag attached to the reinforcement)
  2. The supplier shall supply the following information for each delivery prior to deliver the reinforcement to the construction site;
  3. The cast number and cast analysis, including the manufacturing process route, all specified elements and elements used for the calculation of the carbon equivalent value with respect to the cast.
  4. The chemical composition and carbon equitant value
  5. The results of the tensile and re-bend test of the product
  6. The mass per meter
  7. The manufacturing process route
  8. The rolled-on mill mark
  9. Surface geometry

Further, upon delivering the reinforcing steel to the site following additional tests shall be carried out on the random test specimens selected from each lot for the verification of standard properties;

  1. Chemical analysis for one test per cast
  2. Re-bend Test, nominal mass per meter and surface geometry one test unit per cast and nominal diameter.
  3. Tensile Test, one test piece per each 30t with at least three test pieces per nominal diameter.

The following figure indicates the part of a test report of a reinforcement test.

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